Chronic Pain and Central Sensitization: A Guide to Effective Physiotherapy in Markham
Experiencing pain is a normal part of everyone’s lives. Our body senses threats via nerve endings called nociceptors which send signals up to the brain. However, over time, our nerve cells can become over-sensitized. This means they can react more strongly and easily to something that normally wouldn’t hurt or would hurt less. This is called “SENSITIZATION”. When sensitization happens, the signals transmitted to the brain occur more frequently, more efficiently and can be experienced anywhere in the body (something you don’t want!). Sensitization can contribute to chronic pain conditions such as fibromyalgia, headaches and low back pain. Sensitized individuals may also experience other systemic symptoms such as chronic fatigue, mood changes, sleep problems or difficulty concentrating.
If you’re based in Markham and seeking relief from persistent pain, physiotherapy offers effective treatment options. Our team of skilled professionals, including physiotherapist Afshin Shams, specializes in managing central sensitization and related conditions. In this article, we’ll explore central sensitization, its causes, and how physiotherapy can help alleviate symptoms and improve your overall well-being.
When we are sensitized, we may experience
→ pain that is out of proportion to the actual damage, a phenomenon known as Hyperalgesia
→ pain that spreads to other areas of the body, known as Referred Pain
→ pain that lasts a long time = Chronic/Persistent pain
→ pain that is triggered by harmless things like touch, pressure or temperature, which is called Allodynia
Chronic pain and central sensitization is a biopsychosocial experience and can affect anyone, but some people may be more prone to it than others due to
→ genetic factors: history of chronic pain in the family
→ environmental factors: occupation (repetitive activities), prolonged sustained postures
→ social: life stressors, job dissatisfaction, interactions with boss/colleagues at work, or
with family/friends at home.
Ok, now what do I do about it?
Treatment for central sensitization is, yes you guessed it, DESENSITIZING your central nervous system. Our bodies are constantly changing and adapting to internal and external stimuli. Research has suggested that we may be able to RETRAIN our brain and take advantage of the powers of NEUROPLASTICITY, which is when the brain changes in response to experiences, good or bad.
Physiotherapy offers evidence-based treatments that aim to desensitize the central nervous system and improve neuroplasticity. These interventions can effectively reverse the mechanisms behind sensitization. Some promising treatments include:
- regular exercise: Regular physical activity can decrease the sensitivity of our nervous system by changing processes at the cellular level, re-calibrating the nociceptive signals sent to the brain. Exercise doesn’t have to be high-intensity or involve going to the gym. Low-impact activities such as walking, swimming, or yoga can be effective in reducing nervous system sensitivity. Try to aim for at least 30 mins per day 4-5x per week.
- electro-acupuncture: electroacupuncture blocks pain by activating a variety of bioactive chemicals through peripheral, spinal, and supraspinal mechanisms. Specific systemic insertion points by an experienced practitioner centrally through the spine (neck, upper and lower back) and peripherally (ankle, feet, hands) can unblock neurovascular pathways and promote increased blood flow.
- TENS (transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation): Electrical impulses from the pads placed on the skin can reduce pain signals going to the spinal cord and brain, which may help relieve pain and relax muscles. They also stimulate the production of endorphins, which are the body’s natural painkillers.
- lifestyle modifications: correct ergonomic setup at work (use of a standing desk), change of posture throughout the day (every hour), work-life balance, positive social experiences (friends and family), relaxation techniques such as meditation and yoga.
How long does it take to get better?
It is important to note that central sensitization occurs over a period of months to years, which means it may also take several weeks to months to observe significant improvements in symptoms. The most important aspect is understanding the different causes, adhering to the treatment plan and active participation from the patient.
Take the first steps towards your recovery by booking an initial assessment with our experienced physiotherapist, Afshin Shams. At our clinic in Markham, Afshin offers a comprehensive range of services, including physiotherapy, massage therapy, and chiropractic care. With a Bachelor of Science in Kinesiology from York University and a Physiotherapy degree from the European School of Physiotherapy in Amsterdam, Afshin provides personalized treatment plans that incorporate manual therapy, electro-acupuncture, and tailored home exercise programs. Since then, Afshin has completed post-graduate courses in Contemporary Medical Acupuncture from McMaster University as well as the Advanced Integrated Musculoskeletal (AIM) program through the Orthopaedic Division of the Canadian Physiotherapy Association.
Book your initial assessment with our physiotherapist Afshin Shams using the link below:
https://formfunctionclinic.janeapp.com/#/staff_member/82
Remember, chronic pain and central sensitization require consistent effort and active participation to observe significant improvements in symptoms. With the guidance of our physiotherapy team in Markham, you can embark on your road to recovery and regain control of your life.